Western Sinology on China |
| Source: Author: Date: 2007-11-28
|
|
(Western Sinology) means foreign study China's political, economic, social history, philosophy of religion, language, literature and art, astronomy, geography, science and technology and other knowledge of the integrated disciplines. Also known as the China Study.
Study: from the history and development of Sinology research results, the study not only the Han ethnic Chinese history and culture, including China actually study the history and culture of ethnic minorities of China as a whole science. Since Han is China's main ethnic and Sinology initial发轫于Chinese text fields, the academic community has been thus will be used down the names of Sinology. Some academics have also referred to by China of the traditional Sinology. Sinology research to target for the whole of China, the scope of the study is broad and narrow distinction. Generalized Sinology including China's social science and natural science part; narrow Sinology only involves philosophy, religion, history, languages, and so part of the social sciences, such as the traditional version, catalogs, collation, phonological, Exegesis, research, etc.. From the point of view of topics, Sinology has been involved in the social life in China have already taken place and there will be all kinds of events that may occur from the disciplinary system, Sinology has won China has built up all the knowledge patterns.
Academic history: the development of the formation of Sinology, with the European colonial expansion of the capitalist countries have ties with the international political, economic and cultural development linked to the universal. The general view, Sinology sprout in 16 to 17 century missionary priest in China in the works. More than 400 years, has experienced Faren Sinology period established period, period of development and prosperity of four stages.
Faren period (16 end of the century to 17 century) understanding of the West to China as early as in ancient Greece had already begun. But the West is China's research began in the late 16th century. The first book devoted to China was in 1585 in Rome published "China Great National History" (Mensah more book). The book was first published in immediately been translated into many languages. Influential early writings are "Chinese empire Zhi", "North Korea and China to the status quo of Christianity in China," "China Weights and Measures Study." These works mostly out of the hands of priests, the study of China's superficial and lack of systemic.
Established period (early 18th century to the early 19th century) the early 18th century Qing Dynasty and the pope "Etiquette" on the other to stimulate the western factions missionaries to China's customs, and cultural studies. Especially the king of the way Louis XIV period, the outstanding French missionaries sent by the Academy of Sciences, developed a system of concrete and research projects in China: China's history of astronomy and geography; General History of Ancient and Modern China; the origin of Chinese characters; China's flora and fauna and natural medicine the history of science; China's art history; the present situation of China, the State Security Council and customs, and other mineral and natural resources. Its resulting in a batch of Sinology results: "China Yili On" (Li Ming), "Tatar History" (Liu Ying), "book of the previous era of relations with China myth" (MA Joseph), "China General History "(冯秉正)," Genghis Khan and蒙古史"(Song-Jun-rong)," Datang History "(Song-Jun-rong). As the 18th century Sinology Duhede Two Jades is edited by the "whole history of the Chinese empire -" (a total of four volumes), when Beijing on China Padres results pooled "China miscellaneous Tsay" (a total of 16). In the 18th century French priest on the basis of the results of Sinology, the early 19th century in France Leimusha (1788 ~ 1832) and Germany Kelaboluode (1788 ~ 1830) the only two learned Sinology Masters. Their research results related to the history, language, literature, religion, geography, and many other fields. Two in 1818 co-sponsored the establishment of the Asia Society, issued Series "Asian Journal" published the main Sinology research results. The subsequent establishment of the Royal Institute of Asia (1823), published in the "Royal Asiatic Society will be reported." As a guidepost, Sinology as a subject formally established.
Development period (19 century later) this is a period when Western colonization of trying to China with the Chinese government in the political, military conflict period. Western countries on further strengthening China's research, the French monopoly sinology has changed the situation. Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, Austria, Russia has a number of achievements have been scored in Zhuo sinologist: France after following Leimusha have Stanislas Julien, Albert Oujiang, Pakistan Senate and the Netherlands have Hough door, Oxfam gourdes, Germany XI Boelte, Xiao special, even a Parkinson, the British justified Jager, Bilbao, health烈亚power, Russia is Sakhanov, Pago end雷阿斯, white Levin is delinking Xu Germany, Ivanovski Sweden have Mulberry, Hungary乔玛, etc.. Their research results related to China's social and cultural aspects. Good, the earliest of which Oxfam study Chinese astronomy, Xiao special Chinese border ethnic studies still value, opened in Bilbao, the Chinese Buddhist Literature precedent,乔玛a recognized founder of Tibetan studies. Another characteristic of this period is that many Sinologists concentrated lifetime ancient Chinese books on translation, asked level is a sharp increase over the previous. As the first Chinese Oxford University Professor Li He Jager to the understanding of the Chinese culture, to the accurate translation of "The Analects of Confucius", "university", "moderate", "book by", "The Book of Songs" and "Mencius" "Annals Tso," "Book of Changes", "Book of Filial Piety" and "the moral" and "Li Sao", translated into the Han nationality West everyone.
Prosperity period (the 20th century) the 20th century almost a hundred years of Sinology development has entered a new period. The early 20th century, Gansu Dunhuang Grottoes藏经洞was found, which kept a large number of ancient Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian and other characters and the people who try all means to write this heritage. Some Western Sinologists to Dunhuang study, and made off with a large number of cultural relics literature. These precious relics literature to Sinology shocked. Take this opportunity to promote a new development in Chinese studies. Some universities have set up Western Sinology courses, set up a special Sinology research institutes, publishing journals devoted Sinology. If the French Institute of the University of Paris Higher China, the Netherlands Chinese studies, China Institute of Leiden University, Frankfurt, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, USA and China Institute, the Institute of USA and China, the United States Sinology Facilitation Committee, the Japanese Shina Society, the Institute of Japan and China, Japan China Institute, the former Soviet Union, such as the Chinese Association of Jurists. There is also the Dunhuang Studies Tibetan studies and some specialized organizations, agencies, institutions or organizations such Sinology has regularly or irregularly Sinology specialized magazines. Also on the East or Asia is the academic journals published results of Sinology important positions.
World Sinology Profiles: World Sinology can be divided into three plates: Sinology neighboring countries, Russia and the Western Sinology Sinology.
Neighboring countries Sinology: mainly Japan, South Korea and Vietnam. Japanese literature, it acceptable to China earlier, not only borrowed the Chinese language symbols, and intentional imitation of Chinese classical poems content and form: Xiqu artistic conception, because for practices, imitate topic pickers into sentence. Such creative use of Chinese literary works, and has been called the Han literature, but only a pseudonym creative literature - and literature. Therefore, the Japanese academic traditional Chinese academic has been deeply affected. They Sinology to codification, universe, Exegesis, research, the history of the development of carding features.
Russia Sinology: because of geographical and historical reasons, on the one hand for Western Europe, Sinology information obtained indirectly, on the one hand pay attention to the development of the country's Chinese studies. Its wide field of vision, balance of East and West. After the October Revolution, the concept of a Marxist academic research in China, but also its characteristics.
Western Sinology: Western Sinology smacks of a Western academic with the color, with Japan and South Korea Sinology, compared to the Russian Su Sinology, which has a unique value and meaning. Specifically there are few side: (1) Chinese and Western cultures are different cultures, Western China to accept a lot of twists and turns and Sinology faithfully record or truly a reflection of this process, (2) Western academic constantly change, and there the new study, which has also affected the Chinese studies, such as Chinese literature written in 1206, the Dunhuang Studies, Central Asia交通史research, and so on, are back in domestic similar studies, (3) Western Sinology research methodology extremely active, it clearly reflects that "West of the word" feasible, how to correctly operate, can provide reference for domestic research.
Sinology and Chinese studies are two different academic concept.
② the Han people who focus on the study of, Exegesis, thus later called "study the classics, history, the name of, Exegesis researching the study" into sinology.
|
| |
|
[ Add to Favorit]
[ Refer to]
[ Comment(0Item)]
Back to Top Print
Close this Window |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
