3000 years of Chinese customs and culture study |
| Source: Author: Date: 2007-11-06
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First, the pre-Qin period for the Chinese customs and culture of exploration stage
China is a country custom attention. For thousands of years the Chinese people of all ethnic groups in this ancient country where the proliferation of interest-bearing, labor, and creation. In material production and daily life, gradually forming various customs. As early as in the Western Zhou Dynasty era in China has already established a Caifeng system. "Bai Hu TongѲÊØ" primer "big-Book": "See the nobility, asked 100 years, life teacher to the emperor CHEN Shi to the concept of custom." "Hanshu Yiwenzhi Six Classics like": "The ancient poetry with mining officials, the concept of custom king Therefore, knowing the gains and losses, the exam is also." According to "ZhouliÇï¹ÙSikou small pedestrian" contains:Çï¹ÙSzeto House officials in a small pedestrians, one of its functions is to investigate the conduct of public affairs, etc. Bangguo the custom. Small pedestrians where they understand is around customs, political gains and losses. "The Book of Songs", a collection of 15 "National Wind," The Love Song both civil as well as clan noblesӽ̾, reflecting the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period about 500 years more than geographical different lifestyles of 160 poems varied, not only is China's first collection of poems, but also the study of Chinese customs and culture of valuable documents.
When the Warring States Period, with a contingent of growth hundred schools of thought contend, academic prosperity, the special account of the custom book has emerged. The earliest account of the geographical situation of the subregion with the traditions of the book, when pushing "Book of Mountains and Seas" and "Book Yugong." "Book of Mountains and Seas" Notwithstanding practices and its magnificent ancient myth, but it was far and the Yellow River, Yangtze River from the vast region of natural conditions, natural conditions and social customs were integrated with the accounts, is very precious. If we say "Book of Mountains and Seas" is the author described Hill as the program started, then "Yugong" the author has mastered the natural area, on each of the landscape, natural resources, transportation, as well as the general trend of the custom, made a brief concise description, but these two masterpieces custom exposition of ink used by the seldom, customs and culture rational understanding is still in a formative stage. As for the master of Confucianism Xunzi, although in his new book, first proposed the "custom", also in high spirits westboundÈëÇØ"watch their customs," the customs and culture but there is no clear theoretical expositions, therefore, the task of history befell on the Han Dynasty scholar.
Second, the Han Chinese customs and culture, the foundation of traditional theoretical research stage
The middle of the Western Han Dynasty, accompanied by socio-economic prosperity, the importance Han Dynasty (According to "Han Emperor Wu Ji," Han Wudi ascended the throne after thatÏÂÚ¯publicÇä´ó·òduty is "well educate people, and US customs.") , The Western Regions of strong wave of explorers, the Chinese customs and culture were on the agenda , the general concern by the literati. Tai Shi Gong Sima Qian in the period of youth with great enthusiasm, "You JAC, the Kuaiji", "for the Timorese capital," "Leung Chu had" collected throughout the customs, thus "goods yields biography" in vivid descriptions, describes the customs, Sanhe, Qi, Chu, the more all the customs culture. It is easy to see from the customs and culture between the lines with the characteristics of localism. If that in the "Biographies cargo yields" is not clear, then, "Le book" that "it is a foreign state, the situation Xi different," then clearly. At such a time, there are many in the world of country and the nation probably still sleeping in the original ignorance, and Sima Qian's first Chinese folk culture has a theory on regional characteristics. Therefore, the "Historical Records" come out, the Chinese customs and culture is the history of an epoch-making signs. Worth²¹Ðða sum of the explorer Zhang Qian, who when he abandoned the wilderness, braving bitter cold, dangerous calendar, the more from Ling, arrived´óÔÂÊÏwhen not forget endemic throughout the Western Regions inspected the great mission of the people. After 13 years he finally returned to the travel and Changan, jubilantly to the Han Emperor WuÙ÷±¨the customs and culture of the Western Regions, the Han Jun greatly broaden the cultural horizons. These valuable documents, Ban Gu was recorded in the "Han Chuan Western Regions", has been cherished by future generations. This is our nation happy to accept and be good at foreign customs and culture to digest the outcome of the historical evidence.
When the Eastern Han Dynasty era, the literati of the customs and culture are still very strong interest in research. Ban Gu first use "geographical" as a title, known as the "Geography." "Hanshu Geography"ƪĩharvesting nothing new, test track, "Poetry", "book" with the vision to the regional customs relations exposition, it deserves our attention. First of all, he asked: "·²Ãñletter of the five permanent members, and its rigid-flexible priorities, sounds different, the atmosphere of soil and water." This means that the various regions people's lifestyle, habits constrained by the natural environment, thus enabling the development of regional customs and culture has an enormous difference. After he compiled the Han³ÉµÛwhen Liu Xiang said the "jurisdiction", the article by Zhu Gan "customs." Here the so-called "sub-domain", "custom" is actually a "Historical Records cargo yields biography" as the basis, and be added that expansion is over the "Biographies cargo yields" more complete regional customs relations General. Sima Qian in the "Biographies cargo yields" Guanzhong discussed in the "Woshuqianli", "the legacy of its people xian WANG, good¼Úð£" only referred to the natural environment. On this basis and Ban Gu further proposed that migratory 2000 Dan, tycoons, Hao Yu Zhu Ling, resulting in the Guanzhong "five parties miscellaneous wrong, customs impure", highlights the social environmental factors. The historian has recognized the customs and culture of change, not only by geographical constraints, but also with social conditions are indivisible, Sima Qian its more advanced than theory. Therefore, the "Han Shu Geography" laid the ancient Chinese customs and culture on the basis of the theory. Since then, the Chinese customs and culture studies, despite the continual development, but its structure, outlook largely been separated from the foundation and standards.
Third, to the Ming and Qing Wei, Jin, the Chinese customs and culture on the stage of data compilation
In the long and gentle Chinese customs and culture in the long course of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties era commendable is the Northern Wei Li Road yuan "River Systems." Li's youth, have father»ÂÓÎShandong, and the long and arduous journey Country, look for Han, Wei inscriptions,²É¼songs, proverbs, dialect, as "the water" for the Notes. He waterways as the key link, but the Note is not limited to rivers threads, and also has a river every trip by the rise and fall of the city, river history, customs change, as far as possible, to do a detailed description. What is more important is that he is not simply listing phenomenon, but a systematic way to a comprehensive narrative and make the water system and the customs and culture linked to broaden the horizons of the customs and culture.
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